The contributors present a diverse collection of chapters on basic research at the molecular level using Lepidoptera as model systems. This volume, however, is more than just a compendium of information about insect systems in general, or the Lepidoptera in particular. Each chapter is a self-contained treatment of a broad subject area, providing sufficient background information to give readers a sense of the guiding principles and central questions associated with each topic, in addition to major methodologies and findings. Comparisons with other major model systems are emphasized, with special attention given to the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Topics include: an historical overview of research using Lepidopteran models, silkworm genetics, mobile elements of Lepidopteran genomes, experimental embryogenesis and homeotic genes, hormone action in the central nervous system, the molecular genetics of moth olfaction, and use of engineered baculoviruses for basic biological studies and insect pest control.